BR 481 + 482 N

The DBAG Class 481/482 was introduced in 1996 to modernize the Berlin S-Bahn following German reunification, replacing pre-WWII era trains and significantly lowering the fleet's average age. Although it became the network's workhorse, a 2009 wheel fracture revealed major design flaws in its wheels and brakes, leading to mass withdrawals and severe service crises through 2011. Despite these setbacks, the fleet has been retrofitted with modern ZBS safety technology and continues to serve as a prim